For any engine that works in place or in cycles (haul trucks, excavators, gensets, locomotives, drills), fuel cost per operating hour is the metric that actually manages the fleet: burn rate times fuel price, tracked per unit, trended over time. It converts fuel from a site-wide bill into a per-machine number someone can own, and it is the fastest way to spot the units quietly costing more than their twins.

Engine hours come from the meter or telematics; fuel comes from dispensing records or telematics; price comes from your delivered invoices. Divide fuel by hours per unit. The first pass always finds surprises: identical machines on identical duty with meaningfully different burn, which is a machine question, not an operator question.
Two same-model engines on the same duty should burn alike. When one runs consistently thirstier, its combustion has usually drifted off the certified target: injectors, air path, or control, none of which needs to throw a fault code. Reading the exhaust against the engine's own EPA-certified target turns "unit 12 seems thirsty" into a priced, verifiable repair decision. That per-hour framing is also how the EBM™ platform expresses identified waste for off-road fleets: fuel per hour against target, priced at your delivered cost.
There is no universal number; class, duty, grade, and payload set it. The useful comparisons are unit against its twins and unit against its own history.
Monthly trending catches drift early; after any major repair, compare before and after to verify the fix actually moved the number.